An .htaccess file is simply a text file containing Apache directives. Those directives apply to the documents in the directory where the .htaccess file is located, and to all subdirectories under it as well. Other .htaccess files in subdirectories may change or nullify the effects of those in parent directories.
The Apache directives that can be used in .htaccess files change how your webserver handles requests and can do many things including turning on directory indexing or creating custom error pages.
You can use any plain text editor you like to create or make changes to .htaccess files.
These files are called ‘.htaccess files’ because that’s what they’re typically named. It’s name has it’s origins from the phrase “hypertext access” which was used in an old web server called NCSA Web server.
They start with a ‘.’ because in the UNIX file system, files beginning with a ‘.’ are generally considered to be hidden so that they do not clutter up directory listings.
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